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<blockquote data-quote="cranky" data-source="post: 482548" data-attributes="member: 9160"><p><strong>Re: For guitarists of all levels...</strong></p><p></p><p>OK here is the much promised post on intervals and scales. I will use concepts from the previous post, and try not to make a fool of myself. </p><p></p><p>I play a little game, so try and do the same. We need twenty-four pieces of paper. On each, we will write the name of the notes like so:</p><p></p><p>1: C</p><p></p><p>2: C#</p><p></p><p>3: D</p><p></p><p>4: D#</p><p></p><p>5: E</p><p></p><p>6: F</p><p></p><p>7: F#</p><p></p><p>8: G</p><p></p><p>9: G#</p><p></p><p>10: A</p><p></p><p>11: A#</p><p></p><p>12: B</p><p></p><p>13: C</p><p></p><p>14: Db</p><p></p><p>15: D</p><p></p><p>16: Eb</p><p></p><p>17: E</p><p></p><p>18: F</p><p></p><p>19: Gb</p><p></p><p>20: G</p><p></p><p>21: Ab</p><p></p><p>22: A</p><p></p><p>23: Bb</p><p></p><p>24: B</p><p></p><p>Whew, done?</p><p></p><p>Now lay out the first twelve in a line, and the next twelve below that. You should have all the same notes just above each other, and the enharmonic sharps and flats above each other. Now each square denotes a half-step, this is the basis of the interval (and scale) system for western music. We will try and learn this concept in a simple way that hopefully you can use in a practical and easy way.</p><p></p><p>To start with, I'll name the intervals, starting with 1.</p><p></p><p>1: Unison/octave</p><p></p><p>2: Minor second</p><p></p><p>3: Major second</p><p></p><p>4: Minor third</p><p></p><p>5: Major third</p><p></p><p>6: Perfect fourth</p><p></p><p>7: Augmented fourth/Diminished fifth</p><p></p><p>8: Perfect fifth</p><p></p><p>9: Minor sixth</p><p></p><p>10: Major sixth</p><p></p><p>11: Minor seventh</p><p></p><p>12: Major seventh</p><p></p><p>13th would be octave again. Going down the notes does not change the interval, we just count it the other way (12 to 1).</p><p></p><p>Here's the first fun part - scales. All scalar music is based on the major or minor scales. Music is also written in Diminished, Augmented and other scales. Just for fun let me know if you want to see how many scales there can possibly be and you can get a nice surprise in your email inbox. Can't post it here because it's pretty big.</p><p></p><p>Anyway back on topic: We will tackle the major and minor scales. All scales are defined by a set of intervals. For the major scale it is:</p><p></p><p>Root, Major second, Major third, Perfect Fourth, Perfect Fifth, Major sixth, Major seventh. So that's your seven-note major scale.</p><p></p><p>Look at your pieces of paper. If you pick out the notes according to the above starting from C, you will get C, D, E, F, G, A and B. Simple, na? But now how about a funny key like G#? Simpler still. Shift all the pieces starting from C till G, and move them to after G#, keeping the order intact. Cut and paste.</p><p></p><p>Now count the same intervals, and you'll get G#, A#, C, C#, D#, F, G. Simple again? You can draw out a single long line and write the name of the intervals on it, to help you find a scale easily. Place the pieces above and below it. This is also excellent for learning piano, as once you see the notes drawn out you will know exactly which keys to play (black and white, remember?).</p><p></p><p>So you see that a C to G is a perfect fifth, but G to C is a perfect fourth.</p><p></p><p>Use this exercise in conjunction with the earlier exercise of calling out notes, to be able to effortlessly play the major scale.</p><p></p><p>For minor scale the same concepts apply. The intervals for the two most commonly used minor scales are:</p><p></p><p>Natural Minor: Major second, Minor third, Perfect fourth, Perfect Fith, Minor Sixth, Minor Seventh.</p><p></p><p>Harmonic minor: exactly the same as above except the last Minor Seventh is changed for a Major Seventh.</p><p></p><p>A quick note: The most commonly used sharp and flat terms are C#, Eb, F#, and Bb. For the last note both Ab and G# are used. They are totally interchangeable, so don;t worry if you see some conky names in the tabs you download <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" class="smilie smilie--sprite smilie--sprite2" alt=";)" title="Wink ;)" loading="lazy" data-shortname=";)" /> just use the method above and you'll be good to go.</p><p></p><p>Practical application: An easy way to use the system is to look again at your guitar. Every string is tuned at the interval of a perfect fourth, except for the 2nd string, which is a Major Third. This will become very important in the chord lesson, as it is fundamental to the chord shapes in standard tuning.</p><p></p><p>For this bit, note the following: </p><p></p><p>Each note below the note you have played, is a perfect fourth.</p><p></p><p>Two steps towards the body of the guitar, is the perfect fifth.</p><p></p><p>Below the perfect fifth is the octave.</p><p></p><p>Three frets towards the nut is the major sixth.</p><p></p><p>Above the major sixth is the major third.</p><p></p><p>These five notes form the 'shape' of the major scale. The Major second and Major seventh are contained within this shape. If your scale uses the b string, just shift the notes one fret to the right.</p><p></p><p>Did you know the major scale is so called because it has only major and perfect intervals?</p><p></p><p>Next up is the cycle of keys or the circle of fifths.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="cranky, post: 482548, member: 9160"] [b]Re: For guitarists of all levels...[/b] OK here is the much promised post on intervals and scales. I will use concepts from the previous post, and try not to make a fool of myself. I play a little game, so try and do the same. We need twenty-four pieces of paper. On each, we will write the name of the notes like so: 1: C 2: C# 3: D 4: D# 5: E 6: F 7: F# 8: G 9: G# 10: A 11: A# 12: B 13: C 14: Db 15: D 16: Eb 17: E 18: F 19: Gb 20: G 21: Ab 22: A 23: Bb 24: B Whew, done? Now lay out the first twelve in a line, and the next twelve below that. You should have all the same notes just above each other, and the enharmonic sharps and flats above each other. Now each square denotes a half-step, this is the basis of the interval (and scale) system for western music. We will try and learn this concept in a simple way that hopefully you can use in a practical and easy way. To start with, I'll name the intervals, starting with 1. 1: Unison/octave 2: Minor second 3: Major second 4: Minor third 5: Major third 6: Perfect fourth 7: Augmented fourth/Diminished fifth 8: Perfect fifth 9: Minor sixth 10: Major sixth 11: Minor seventh 12: Major seventh 13th would be octave again. Going down the notes does not change the interval, we just count it the other way (12 to 1). Here's the first fun part - scales. All scalar music is based on the major or minor scales. Music is also written in Diminished, Augmented and other scales. Just for fun let me know if you want to see how many scales there can possibly be and you can get a nice surprise in your email inbox. Can't post it here because it's pretty big. Anyway back on topic: We will tackle the major and minor scales. All scales are defined by a set of intervals. For the major scale it is: Root, Major second, Major third, Perfect Fourth, Perfect Fifth, Major sixth, Major seventh. So that's your seven-note major scale. Look at your pieces of paper. If you pick out the notes according to the above starting from C, you will get C, D, E, F, G, A and B. Simple, na? But now how about a funny key like G#? Simpler still. Shift all the pieces starting from C till G, and move them to after G#, keeping the order intact. Cut and paste. Now count the same intervals, and you'll get G#, A#, C, C#, D#, F, G. Simple again? You can draw out a single long line and write the name of the intervals on it, to help you find a scale easily. Place the pieces above and below it. This is also excellent for learning piano, as once you see the notes drawn out you will know exactly which keys to play (black and white, remember?). So you see that a C to G is a perfect fifth, but G to C is a perfect fourth. Use this exercise in conjunction with the earlier exercise of calling out notes, to be able to effortlessly play the major scale. For minor scale the same concepts apply. The intervals for the two most commonly used minor scales are: Natural Minor: Major second, Minor third, Perfect fourth, Perfect Fith, Minor Sixth, Minor Seventh. Harmonic minor: exactly the same as above except the last Minor Seventh is changed for a Major Seventh. A quick note: The most commonly used sharp and flat terms are C#, Eb, F#, and Bb. For the last note both Ab and G# are used. They are totally interchangeable, so don;t worry if you see some conky names in the tabs you download ;) just use the method above and you'll be good to go. Practical application: An easy way to use the system is to look again at your guitar. Every string is tuned at the interval of a perfect fourth, except for the 2nd string, which is a Major Third. This will become very important in the chord lesson, as it is fundamental to the chord shapes in standard tuning. For this bit, note the following: Each note below the note you have played, is a perfect fourth. Two steps towards the body of the guitar, is the perfect fifth. Below the perfect fifth is the octave. Three frets towards the nut is the major sixth. Above the major sixth is the major third. These five notes form the 'shape' of the major scale. The Major second and Major seventh are contained within this shape. If your scale uses the b string, just shift the notes one fret to the right. Did you know the major scale is so called because it has only major and perfect intervals? Next up is the cycle of keys or the circle of fifths. [/QUOTE]
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